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Vehicles-to-Grid Lab

White sportscar parked almost over a wireless charging node of coils ont eh ground, wires and an American flag in background
Topic:

The Vehicles-to-Grid Laboratory focuses on high power charging hardware and how it interacts with the electric grid. The extreme fast charging infrastructure provides a test bed for wireless charging technology for light-and medium duty vehicles as well as grid interface controls developed at ORNL. The ecosystem includes stationary and dynamic wireless power transfer systems, bidirectional electric vehicle charging applications, and plug-in charging systems.

Research addresses challenges presented by extreme fast charging from drivetrain inverters, motors, converters, and wired charging including electric vehicle (EV) refueling infrastructure needs through wireless extreme-fast charging (Wireless-XFC) and dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT).

Wireless-XFC research seeks to reduce charging times to about 15 minutes, automate the charging process, and provide additional convenience, flexibility, and safety during charging. Dynamic wireless power transfer will also enable EVs to recharge while in motion, reduce battery sizes and EV costs, and prolong battery life. 

Bi-directional EV charging research addresses how EVs can be used to provide grid support or grid ancillary services while optimizing microgrid operations. It refines behind-the-meter controls, which manage the timing of battery charging, evenly distribute electrical loads, and take advantage of peak-shaving opportunities offered by utilities.

One man kneels by a charging pad in front of a white car while another fiddles with electrical equipment with many cords next to the car

Uniqueness and capabilities

  • Hardware development, rapid prototyping, and experimental test setup development capability with design and development covering a broad range of target operating conditions.
  • Defining the next generation EV charging system equipment and driving technology developments with substantially improved performance.
  • Emulating EV and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) capability.
  • Integrating vehicle and testing expertise with state-of-the-art test equipment.

Technology resources

  • 100-kW and 300-kW wireless-XFC systems, a 20-kW bidirectional WPT system, and a 200-kW DWPT system
  • Distributed DC and AC load and source emulators up to 1MVA 
  • Measurement equipment including high-precision power analyzers for efficiency analysis and performance characterizations; high-accuracy, high-bandwidth oscilloscopes; and voltage and current probes for waveform analysis, hardware troubleshooting, and debugging
  • Vehicle controlled area network (CAN) and battery management system (BMS) communications and data capture capability
  • EV and EVSE emulators and testing, data collection, charge profile analysis, and characterization tools