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Buildings are energy intensive and contribute to carbon dioxide emissions while accounting for one-third of energy consumption worldwide. Heat pump technology can assist in electrification and decarbonization efforts.

The use of Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition to coat particles or fibers is inherently slow and capital intensive, as it requires constant modifications to the equipment to account for changes in the characteristics of the substrates to be coated.

Concrete floor slab flatness and levelness are parameters often specified in construction documents that contractors must meet to ensure a high quality of construction. However, the measurement of these parameters is cumbersome and time-consuming.

Real-time tracking and monitoring of radioactive/nuclear materials during transportation is a critical need to ensure safety and security. Current technologies rely on simple tagging, using sensors attached to transport containers, but they have limitations.

Making existing buildings more airtight is critical in reducing the nation's energy consumption and carbon output. Most current methods of locating building leakage sites are disruptive to occupants and none of the methods can measure the flow of individual leakage sites.

Household refrigerators typically consume 1.5–2.0kWh of electricity per day, and more than 100 million refrigerators are used in US homes, resulting in significant primary energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Building Science Advisor is a web-based tool that allows users to quickly and reliably evaluate the moisture durability of their building wall designs and select the most energy-efficient and moisture-safe design.

Current fuel used in nuclear light water reactors that generate energy for the grid use a solid form of uranium that is heated and processed to form pellets.