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Electric vehicle drive fluids must have a high dielectric constant to avoid current leakage or even short circuits. On the other hand, lubricants should possess sufficient conductivity to allow static electricity to be released.
Ionic liquids comprising quaternary ammonium and phosphonium cations have been developed as eco-friendly lubricant additives. These additives are tailored for use in environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) like polyalkylene glycols, vegetable oils, and synthetic esters.