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CO2 capture by mineral looping, either using calcium or magnesium precursors requires that the materials be calcined after CO2 is captured from the atmosphere. This separates the CO2 for later sequestration and returned the starting material to its original state.

Mineral looping is a promising method for direct air capture of CO2. However, reduction of sorbent reactivity after each loop is likely to be significant problems for mineral looping by MgO.

Recent advances in magnetic fusion (tokamak) technology have attracted billions of dollars of investments in startups from venture capitals and corporations to develop devices demonstrating net energy gain in a self-heated burning plasma, such as SPARC (under construction) and

An efficient, eco-friendly metal extraction using ultrasonic leaching, ideal for lithium and magnesium recovery from minerals and waste.

High-performance cerium-based permanent magnet materials have been developed to reduce reliance on scarce rare-earth elements.

The vast majority of energy conversion technologies and industrial processes depend on heat exchangers for transferring heat between fluids.