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CO2 capture by mineral looping, either using calcium or magnesium precursors requires that the materials be calcined after CO2 is captured from the atmosphere. This separates the CO2 for later sequestration and returned the starting material to its original state.

The invention presented here addresses key challenges associated with counterfeit refrigerants by ensuring safety, maintaining system performance, supporting environmental compliance, and mitigating health and legal risks.

Mineral looping is a promising method for direct air capture of CO2. However, reduction of sorbent reactivity after each loop is likely to be significant problems for mineral looping by MgO.

Knowing the state of charge of lithium-ion batteries, used to power applications from electric vehicles to medical diagnostic equipment, is critical for long-term battery operation.

An efficient, eco-friendly metal extraction using ultrasonic leaching, ideal for lithium and magnesium recovery from minerals and waste.

High-performance cerium-based permanent magnet materials have been developed to reduce reliance on scarce rare-earth elements.