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In additive manufacturing, choice of process parameters for a given material and geometry can result in porosities in the build volume, which can result in scrap.

V-Cr-Ti alloys have been proposed as candidate structural materials in fusion reactor blanket concepts with operation temperatures greater than that for reduced activation ferritic martensitic steels (RAFMs).

Distortion generated during additive manufacturing of metallic components affect the build as well as the baseplate geometries. These distortions are significant enough to disqualify components for functional purposes.

For additive manufacturing of large-scale parts, significant distortion can result from residual stresses during deposition and cooling. This can result in part scraps if the final part geometry is not contained in the additively manufactured preform.

With the ever-growing reliance on batteries, the need for the chemicals and materials to produce these batteries is also growing accordingly. One area of critical concern is the need for high quality graphite to ensure adequate energy storage capacity and battery stability.

Test facilities to evaluate materials compatibility in hydrogen are abundant for high pressure and low temperature (<100C).

In additive manufacturing large stresses are induced in the build plate and part interface. A result of these stresses are deformations in the build plate and final component.

Materials produced via additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, can experience significant residual stress, distortion and cracking, negatively impacting the manufacturing process.

A bonded carbon fiber monolith was made using a coal-based pitch precursor without a binder.