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In additive manufacturing, choice of process parameters for a given material and geometry can result in porosities in the build volume, which can result in scrap.

The invention presented here addresses key challenges associated with counterfeit refrigerants by ensuring safety, maintaining system performance, supporting environmental compliance, and mitigating health and legal risks.

This invention aims to develop a new feature for a heat pump water heater having a forced flow condenser, coupled with a mixing valve, and a new feature to maximize the first hour rating and provide quick response to hot water demand, comparable to a typical gas water heater.&

Develop an innovative refrigerator having a thermoelectric cooler cascaded with a regular refrigerator compression system. the TE cooler dedicatedly controls the temperature in a freezer compartment.

Estimates based on the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) test procedure for water heaters indicate that the equivalent of 350 billion kWh worth of hot water is discarded annually through drains, and a large portion of this energy is, in fact, recoverable.

Distortion generated during additive manufacturing of metallic components affect the build as well as the baseplate geometries. These distortions are significant enough to disqualify components for functional purposes.

The invention introduces a novel, customizable method to create, manipulate, and erase polar topological structures in ferroelectric materials using atomic force microscopy.

For additive manufacturing of large-scale parts, significant distortion can result from residual stresses during deposition and cooling. This can result in part scraps if the final part geometry is not contained in the additively manufactured preform.

High coercive fields prevalent in wurtzite ferroelectrics present a significant challenge, as they hinder efficient polarization switching, which is essential for microelectronic applications.